Traditional SIM cards were built for phones—not for the scale and complexity of IoT. As global deployments expanded, it became clear a more flexible solution was needed.
Enter eUICC: a technology introduced by the GSMA to enable remote provisioning and multiple operator profiles on a single SIM—ushering in a new era of scalable, adaptable connectivity.
Over time, GSMA introduced a series of RSP (Remote SIM Provisioning) standards, SGP.02 for M2M use cases and SGP.22 for consumer devices.
Now, SGP.32 is here—designed specifically for IoT. It promises to solve long-standing challenges and offer enterprises greater control than ever before.
In this article, we break down how SGP.32 works, its real-world potential, and how to make it work for your IoT deployment.
How SGP.32 Changes the Way eUICC Works
While eUICC introduced the foundation for remote SIM provisioning, its real-world flexibility has historically been constrained by the standards used to manage it.
Earlier approaches came with trade-offs:
- SGP.02 (M2M): Used a ‘push’ model controlled by operators, restricting flexibility and enterprise autonomy.
- SGP.22 (Consumer): Relied on user interfaces and manual intervention—practical for smartphones, but not for IoT devices without screens or input methods.
To solve these challenges, the GSMA introduced SGP.32—a new architecture purpose-built for IoT deployments in low-touch, low-power environments.
Its two core components:
- IoT Profile Assistant (IPA): A software agent embedded in the device (IPAd) or eUICC (IPAe), enabling automated profile switching and management.
- eSIM IoT Remote Manager (eIM): cloud-based control layer that issues profile management commands and interfaces with provisioning platforms (e.g. SM-DP+).
Together, these components enable more flexible, scalable, and autonomous IoT connectivity—ideal for global, low-touch deployments.
The Advantages of SGP.32
SGP.32 is a purpose-built standard for IoT that brings more flexibility, scalability, and control to SIM profile management. It removes many of the technical constraints found in earlier standards and is designed to support the realities of global, low-power, and large-scale deployments.
While it simplifies technical processes, its flexibility still depends on operator support, backend readiness, and commercial agreements.
Key benefits include:
Simplified Integration: Supports lightweight, non-IP protocols and removes the need for SMS-based communication, making it ideal for NB-IoT and LPWAN devices.
Bulk SIM Management: Whether managing a handful or thousands of IoT devices, SGP.32 supports bulk provisioning and updates that streamline large-scale operations.
Streamlined Profile Download: SGP.32 uses a lighter profile format, reducing data load and making it ideal for low-bandwidth, power-sensitive IoT devices.
Compatibility with Existing Infrastructure: Works with widely deployed SM-DP+ systems, avoiding the need for entirely new provisioning architecture.
Support for Global and Local Connectivity: Allows enterprises to operate globally while localizing profiles as needed to meet in-country compliance requirements.
The Challenges of SGP.32
Despite its benefits, SGP.32 is not a one-size-fits-all solution—and it’s still in the early stages of market adoption.
Key challenges include:
Inconsistent Operator Support: Support for SGP.32 varies across mobile network operators (MNOs), creating regional inconsistencies. While some enable third-party profile hosting, others impose restrictions—resulting in a fragmented landscape that can complicate global deployments.
Commercial Complexity: Switching providers still requires established commercial agreements. For global IoT deployments, this often means managing multiple contracts, billing systems, and relationships across regions—adding significant operational overhead.
Profile Switching Costs: There are costs associated with profile switching and hosting which can add up. Enterprises need to assess whether these recurring costs offset the operational benefits.
Integration Demands: SGP.32 isn’t plug-and-play. It requires backend integration to handle APNs, VPNs, compliance workflows, and frequent updates—adding complexity that can challenge smaller teams without dedicated IoT expertise.
While SGP.32 introduces a more dynamic way to manage IoT connectivity, it’s not always the best fit for every deployment. For many use cases simpler solutions like multi-IMSI SIMs can provide equivalent coverage and flexibility without the overhead.
SGP.32 Readiness: Smart Moves for a Smooth Rollout
To maximize the potential of SGP.32 while addressing its challenges, consider the following best practices:
Hybrid Approach: Combining a multi-IMSI SIM as the primary profile on an SGP.32-compatible eSIM offers a practical balance between coverage, cost-efficiency, and control. This setup enables broad network access out of the box while keeping the eUICC available for future profile updates or regulatory localization—reducing lock-in and supporting long-term adaptability.
Partner with a Trusted IoT Connectivity Provider: SGP.32 is a powerful tool—but implementing it successfully requires more than just technical compatibility. The right partner will help you navigate the complexities of integration, ensure regulatory compliance, and support long-term scalability. From provisioning to platform support, working with an experienced provider ensures your connectivity strategy is robust, flexible, and built to evolve with your business.
Where Velocity IoT Fits In: Velocity IoT is aligned with the SGP.32 standard and actively preparing to support its deployment at scale. Our cloud-native core network and advanced connectivity management platform are designed to simplify global IoT operations while remaining compatible with existing SM-DP+ infrastructure. With capabilities like multi-IMSI orchestration, localized connectivity, and strong security, we offer a flexible foundation for businesses looking to adopt SGP.32 as part of a long-term connectivity strategy.
Is SGP.32 Right for Your IoT Deployment?
SGP.32 represents a major step forward in IoT connectivity—bringing new levels of control, scalability, and adaptability to SIM profile management. But like any new standard, its value depends on how effectively it’s implemented and supported.
Start your IoT transformation with Velocity IoT. Let’s explore a tailored solution that brings together reliability, flexibility, and operational efficiency—aligned to your business goals.
